Symbolization and Metonymic Chains in Hugo

Symbolization, as defined by Tzvetan Todorov in Théories de symbole conveys the mise en équivalence of symbolic codes, metonymic chains of descriptive systems. The didactic, conative message of the "Ceci tuera çela" chapter of Notre Dame de Paris (Book 5, 2) and two poems from Les Rayons et les Ombres ("A M. Le D. De***" and "En Passant dans la Place Louis XV") illustrate Hugo's use of symbolization through the literary representation of time and place in memory. (WNG)